United Arab Emirates: Free members of UAE94 and other prisoners of conscience
Free members of UAE94
01 July: On the anniversary of the verdicts delivered in the mass trial of prominent human rights defenders, lawyers, judges, academics and students known as the UAE94, we the undersigned call on allies of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to press the Emirati authorities to immediately and unconditionally release all those convicted following a trial that lacked the most basic international standards necessary for a fair trial and due process. Many of those who were sentenced to ten years in prison are due for release this year, and yet are being held past the end of their sentences.
Members of the UAE94 are among many prisoners of conscience imprisoned solely for peacefully exercising their rights to freedom of expression and freedom of association. The UAE has failed to conduct an independent, impartial and comprehensive investigation into the allegations that members of the UAE94 were subjected to torture and ill-treatment before and after their trial, and to bring those responsible for these violations to trial and provide redress and compensation to their victims.
On 02 July 2013, the Abu Dhabi Federal Supreme Court issued verdicts convicting 69 of the 94 defendants, including eight of those convicted in absentia, and acquitted 25 of them. Prison sentences ranged between seven and 15 years. Among those convicted are many prominent figures in Emirati society, including human rights lawyer Dr. Mohammed Al-Roken, a professor of constitutional law and the former president of the UAE’s Jurists Association; renowned lawyers and human rights defenders Dr. Mohammad Al-Mansoori and Salem Al-Shehhi; and human rights defenders Abdulsalam Mohammed Darwish Al-Marzouqi and Sheikh Mohammed Abdul Razzaq Al-Siddiq, both of whose children were left stateless after their citizenship was revoked by the authorities, leaving them without identification documents.
The defendants also included Judge Mohammed Saeed Al-Abdouli, a board member of the Fujairah Charitable Society; professor of law and former judge Dr. Ahmed Al-Zaabi; human rights lawyer and university professor Dr. Hadef Rashid Al-Owais; Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Kayed Al-Qasimi, a senior member of the ruling family in Ras Al-Khaimah; Director of the Association for Guidance and Social Guidance, Khaled Al Shaiba Al-Nuaimi; science teacher Hussain Ali Al-Najjar Al-Hammadi; former blogger and teacher Saleh Mohammed Al-Dhafiri; student leader Abdullah Al-Hajri; and student blogger Khalifa Al-Nuaimi.
One of the main reasons the UAE94 are being targeted is for their participation in the reform petition, along with 133 men and women from across the UAE’s intellectual, legal, human rights and political spectrum. In the petition, submitted on 3 March 2011 to the President of the State and members of the Supreme Council, who rule the seven Emirates, the signatories demanded "the election of all members of the Federal National Council by all citizens, as applied in democratic countries around the world;" and "amendments to the constitutional articles related to the Federal National Council to ensure it has full legislative and oversight powers."
Among other signatories to this historic petition are prominent human rights defender and blogger Ahmed Mansoor, currently serving a 10-year prison sentence handed down in March 2015 for his human rights activism, and woman human rights defender Alaa Mohammed Al-Siddiq, who passed away in exile in the UK after an unfortunate accident in June 2021.
The response of the Emirati authorities to this reform petition was repressive, reflecting their rejection of other opinions and their disrespect for the civil and human rights of citizens. Many of the signatories were subjected to all kinds of reprisals, including arbitrary arrest and detention, and unfair prison sentences after sham trials on false charges, in addition to having their citizenship revoked and their property and assets confiscated, as well as being dismissed from their jobs. Their family members also suffered similar retaliation.
On 13 September 2021, the UAE Cabinet issued a ministerial resolution adding 38 individuals and 13 entities to the government's terror list. The list includes three human rights defenders and a researcher who are among those sentenced in absentia as part of the UAE94 group. They are, Hamad Mohammed Al-Shamsi, Executive Director of the Emirates Detainees Advocacy Center (EDAC), and human rights lawyer and former judge Mohammed Saqr Al-Zaabi, former president of the UAE’s Jurists Association who was sentenced in absentia to 15 years in prison; and academics and activists Ahmed Mohammed Al-Shaiba Al-Nuaimi and Saeed Nasser Al-Tenaiji.
On 25 January 2022, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders and other UN experts wrote to the UAE to express their concern over the inclusion on the above-mentioned terrorist list of Al-Shamsi, Al-Zaabi, Al-Nuaimi, and Al-Tenaiji. The UAE government failed to respond at the time of its publication.
The UAE authorities continue to carry out enforced disappearance, torture, and unjust sentences, applying laws which are repeatedly used to prosecute human rights defenders, such as Federal Law No 2 of 2008, the Cybercrime Law, and the 2014 Law on Combating Terrorism Offences, which includes a vague and broad definition of terrorism, allowing people to be indefinitely detained without charge or court sentencing, and to be held past the end of their sentence.
Many prisoners of conscience are held after their sentences have been served on the grounds that they allegedly pose a threat to state security and are in need of rehabilitation. Prisoners scheduled for release are transferred from Al-Razeen Prison to the Munasaha (Counselling) Centre, which despite its name, is simply an extension of the same prison which is isolated from the other wings. Currently, 17 prisoners of conscience are languishing in the Munasaha (Counselling) Centre building of the prison, despite having completed their sentences. 14 of them belong to the UAE94.
Prisoners of conscience who are scheduled to be released in the coming months (until September 2022) have already been informed that they will not be released but will be subject to the so-called "counselling programme".
In September 2021, the European Parliament adopted a wide-ranging resolution which calls for "the immediate and unconditional release of Ahmed Mansoor, Dr Mohammed Al-Roken and Dr Nasser bin Ghaith as well as all other human rights defenders, political activists and peaceful dissidents." It urges the authorities to amend the Anti-Terrorism Law, the Cybercrime Law and Federal Law No 2 of 2008, which are repeatedly used to prosecute human rights defenders. Furthermore, the Resolution "deeply deplores the gap between the UAE’s claims to be a tolerant and rights-respecting country and the fact its own human rights defenders are detained in harsh conditions."
We call on the leaders of the UAE’s allies, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and EU member states, to urge the UAE authorities to fulfill their human rights obligations, and to show true tolerance: the first step being to release all imprisoned human rights defenders and other prisoners of conscience. We further call on the UAE to close so-called "counselling wings" or centres in prison and release all detainees who are being held past the end of their sentences, in flagrant violation of their civil and human rights and without legal basis.
Signed,
ACAT Belgium (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
ACAT Germany (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
ACAT Italy (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
ACAT Switzerland (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
Association for Victims of Torture in UAE
CIVICUS
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)
Committee for the Respect of Liberties and Human Rights in Tunisia
Danish PEN
Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN)
El Nadim Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence
Emirates Center for Human Rights
Emirates Detainees Advocacy Center (EDAC)
European Centre for Democracy & Human Rights (ECDHR)
Geneva Council for Rights and Liberties
Global Voices
Gulf Centre for Human Rights
Human Rights First
Human Rights Sentinel
IFEX
International Campaign for Freedom in the UAE (ICFUAE)
Skyline International for Human Rights
Society for Threatened Peoples
Tunisian Association Defending Individual Liberties
Tunisian Association of Democratic Women (ATFD)
Tunisian Association to Support Minorities
Tunisian Coalition against the death penalty
Tunisian League to Defend Human Rights
UIA-IROL (the Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers)
Vigilance for Democracy and the Civic State, Tunisia
We Record
World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
Access Now
ALQST for Human Rights
ARTICLE 19
Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in Germany
FIDH, within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
International Centre for Justice and Human Rights (ICJHR)
International Partnership for Human Rights (IPHR)
International Service for Human Rights
Kuwait Watch
Lawyers for Lawyers
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada
Libyan Organization for Human Rights
MENA Rights Group
Monitoring Committee on Attacks on Lawyers, International Association of People's Lawyers (IAPL)
No Peace Without Justice
PEN Canada
PEN International
Scholars at Risk
Skyline International for Human Rights
Society for Threatened Peoples
Tunisian Association Defending Individual Liberties
Tunisian Association of Democratic Women (ATFD)
Tunisian Association to Support Minorities
Tunisian Coalition against the death penalty
Tunisian League to Defend Human Rights
UIA-IROL (the Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers)
Vigilance for Democracy and the Civic State, Tunisia
We Record
World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders